PHYSICAL REVIEW A
ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
Editor
BERND CRASEMANN
(University of Oregon)
Associate Editors Assistant Editor Senior Assistants to the Editor
LEE A. COLLINS VALERIE L. MILLER DEBBIE BRODBAR
(Los Alamos MARGARET FOSTER
National Laboratory) JOANNA POPADIUK
MARGARET MALLOY
(APS Editorial Office)
LORENZO NARDUCCI
(Drexel University)
STEPHEN J. SMITH
(University of Colorado)
Editorial Board
Term ending 31 December 2000 Term ending 31 December 2001 Term ending 31 December 2002
K. BURNETT - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical S.M. BARNETT - Quantum Optics I. CIRAC - Quantum Information/Optics
H.J. CARMICHAEL - Quantum Optics W. BECKER - Atomic Physics J.D. FRANSON - Quantum Measurement
G.W.F. DRAKE - Atomic Theory I. BIALYNICKI-BIRULA - Theoretical J. GEA-BANACLOCHE - Quantum Optics
M. YU. IVANOV - Atomic Physics Physics C. MACCHIAVELLO - Quantum Information
E. MERZBACHER - Quantum Theory R.D. DESLATTES - Atomic Physics S. STENHOLM - Quantum Optics
R.F. O'CONNELL - Theoretical Physics D. DIVINCENZO - Quantum Information W.C. STWALLEY - Atomic and Molecular
J.-M. RAIMOND - Quantum Optics P. GRANGIER - Theoretical Physics Physics
J. SHERTZER - Atomic Theory C.H. GREENE - Atomic Theory
W.R. JOHNSON - Atomic Theory
A. PERES - Quantum Theory
T.N. RESCIGNO - Molecular Theory
S. STRINGARI - Matter Waves
Published through the Manuscripts may be submitted electronically if in appropriate format
American Institute of Physics (see http://publish.aps.org/ESUB/ or inquire at pratex@aps.org).
by Alternatively, send four copies to the Editorial Office. Submission is
The American Physical Society a representation that the manuscript has not been published previously
_________ and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.
A signed APS copyright-transfer form (effective only on acceptance for
publication) must be provided; the form appears at the end of the
18 October 1999 issue of Physical Review Letters and is available on our
President Web server. Information for contributors may be found on our Web
JAMES S. LANGER server or in the January and July issues.
President-Elect
GEORGE H. TRILLING To support wide dissemination of research results, we request payment of a
publication charge of $80 per page plus a $80 abstract charge. For properly
Vice-President prepared electronic submissions, no payment of charges is requested.
WILLIAM F. BRINKMAN Acceptable formats are REVTeX (preferred), LaTeX, Harvmac, plain TeX;
PostScript figures. Reprints are offered for sale to authors.
Editor-in-Chief
MARTIN BLUME For information about subscription prices and about the online version
of the journal, see the APS Web server, or inquire at assocpub@aps.org.
Treasurer and Publisher Member inquiries regarding subscriptions, renewals, address changes,
THOMAS J. MCILRATH missing or damaged copies, microfilm and single-copy orders should be
addressed to the APS Membership Department, One Physics Ellipse, College
Executive Officer Park, MD 20740-3844.[phone:(301)209-3280; fax:(301)209-0867; e-mail:
JUDY R. FRANZ membership@aps.org]. Nonmembers should address subscription inquiries
to the AIP Circulation and Fulfillment Division,500 Sunnyside Boulevard,
_________ Woodbury, NY 11797-2999 [phone:(516)576-2270 or (800)344-6902;
fax:(516)349-9704; e-mail: subs@aip.org]. For address changes please
Editorial Office: send both old and new addresses, and, if possible, include an address
stencil imprint from the mailing wrapper of a recent issue; allow six
The American Physical Society weeks advance notice.
1 Research Road Box 9000
Ridge, NY 11961-9000
Copyright 2000 by The American Physical Society
Phone: (631)591-4010 Permission to quote excerpts or to reprint any figures or tables
Fax: (631)591-4141 should be obtained directly from an author. The American Physical
Email: pra@aps.org Society for its part hereby grants permission to quote excerpts and
Web: http://publish.aps.org/ reprint up to 25 figures and/or tables from its journals with
Submissions: pratex@aps.org acknowledgment of the sources. Requests for permission to reprint in
or one publication more than 25 figures and/or tables from the totality
http://publish.aps.org/ESUB/ of APS journals must be made in writing to the Associate Publisher
(see address below). A $10.00 fee per figure and/or table in excess
of 25 will be charged. Individual teachers, students, researchers, and
libraries in non-profit institutions acting for them are permitted to
make hard copies of articles for use in teachingor research, provided
such copies are not sold. Copying of articles for sale by document
delivery services or suppliers, or beyond the free copying allowed above,
is permitted against payment of a copying fee. The current copying fee
is $15.00, per article, per copy. Express permission of APS is not
required, except for purposes stated below, provided that the fee is paid
through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive,
Danvers, MA 01923. Contact the CCC for information on how to report
Production and distribution by copying and remit payments. Reproduction in a reprint collection, or
American Institute of Physics for advertising or promotional purposes, or republication in any form
Suite 1NO1 requires permission of one of the authors and a license from APS. Such
2 Huntington Quadrangle a license must be sought from Barbara Hicks, Associate Publisher, The
Melville, NY 11747-4502 American Physical Society. One Physics Ellipse,College Park, MD
Phone:(516)576-2200 20740-3844. Permission from the author must be sought and obtained from
Fax: (516) 576-2643 him or her directly.
Email: pra@aip.org
Physical Review A (ISSN:1050-2947; CODEN PLRAAN; printed in USA) is
published once a month (on the 1st of each month) by The American
Physical Society through the American Institute of Physics.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Physical Review A, Circulation and
Fulfillment Department, AIP, Suite 1NO1, 2 Huntington Quadrangle, Melville, NY
11747-4502. The 2000 subscription price is US $1795 (US institutions).
Periodicals postage rates are paid at Woodbury, NY, and additional mailing offices.