PHYSICAL REVIEW D PARTICLES, FIELDS, GRAVITATION, AND COSMOLOGY Editors ERICK J. WEINBERG D.L. NORDSTROM Associate Editors JONATHAN A. BAGGER SALLY DAWSON ROBERT D. PISARSKI Assistants to the Editors RAJAMANI NARAYANAN JOHN RIPKA Editorial Board Term ending 31 December 2000 Term ending 31 December 2001 Term ending December 2002 KEIJO KAJANTIE DAVID G. CASSEL G. PETER LEPAGE V.A. RUBAKOV ANEESH MANOHAR ANN E. NELSON DAVISON E. SOPER MICHAEL E. PESKIN CLIFFORD M. WILL Published through the Manuscripts may be submitted electronically if in appropriate format American Institute of Physics (see http://publish.aps.org/ESUB/ or inquire at prdtex@aps.org). by Alternatively, send three copies to the Editorial Office. Submission is The American Physical Society a representation that the manuscript has not been published previously _________ and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. A signed APS copyright-transfer form (effective only on acceptance for publication) must be provided; the form appears at the end of the 18 October 1999 issue of Physical Review Letters and is available on our Web server. Information for contributors may be found on our Web server or in the January and July issues. President JAMES S. LANGER To support wide dissemination of research results, we request payment of a publication charge of $80 per page plus an $80 abstract charge. For President-Elect properly prepared electronic submissions, no payment of charges is GEORGE H. TRILLING requested. Acceptable formats are REVTeX (preferred), LaTeX, Harvmac, Plain TeX; PostScript figures. Reprints are offered for sale to authors. Vice-President WILLIAM F. BRINKMAN For information about subscription prices and about the online version Editor-in-Chief of the journal, see our Web server, or inquire at assocpub@aps.org. MARTIN BLUME Member inquiries regarding subscriptions, renewals, address changes, missing or damaged copies, microfilm and single-copy orders should be Treasurer and Publisher addressed to the APS Membership Department, One Physics Ellipse, College THOMAS J. MCILRATH Park, MD 20740-3844 [phone:(301)209-3280; fax:(301)209-0867; e-mail: membership@aps.org]. Nonmembers: should address subscription inquiries Executive Officer to the AIP Circulation and Fulfillment Division, Suite 1NO1, 2 Huntington JUDY R. FRANZ Quadrangle, Melville, NY 11747-4502 [phone:(516)576-2270 or (800)344-6902; ________________ fax:(516)349-9704; e-mail: subs@aip.org]. For address changes please send both old and new addresses, and, if possible, include an address Editorial Office: stencil imprint from the mailing wrapper of a recent issue; allow six The American Physical Society weeks advance notice. 1 Research Road Box 9000 Ridge, NY 11961-9000 Copyright 2000 by The American Physical Society Phone: (631)591-4040 Permission to quote excerpts or to reprint any figures or tables Fax: (631)591-4141 should be obtained directly from an author. The American Physical Email: prd@aps.org Society for its part hereby grants permission to quote excerpts and Web: http://publish.aps.org/ reprint up to 25 figures and/or tables from its journals with Submissions: prdtex@aps.org acknowledgment of the sources. Requests for permission to reprint in or one publication more than 25 figures and/or tables from the totality http://publish.aps.org/ESUB/ of APS journals must be made in writing to the Associate Publisher (see address below). A $10.00 fee per figure and/or table in excess of 25 will be charged. Individual teachers, students, researchers, and libraries in non-profit institutions acting for them are permitted to make hard copies of articles for use in teaching or research, provided such copies are not sold. Copying of articles for sale by document delivery services or suppliers, or beyond the free copying allowed above, is permitted against payment of a copying fee. The current copying fee is $15.00, per article, per copy. Express permission of APS is not required, except for purposes stated below, provided that the fee is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Contact the CCC for information on how to report Production and distribution by copying and remit payments. Reproduction in a reprint collection, or American Institute of Physics for advertising or promotional purposes, or republication in any form Suite 1NO1 requires permission of one of the authors and a license from APS. Such 2 Huntington Quadrangle a license must be sought from Barbara Hicks, Associate Publisher, The Melville, NY 11747-4502 American Physical Society, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD Phone:(516)576-2200 20740-3844. Permission from the author must be sought and obtained from Fax:(516)576-2643 him or her directly. Email:prd1@aip.org Physical Review D (ISSN:0556-2821; CODEN PRVDAQ; printed in USA) is published twice a month (on the 1st and the 15th of each month) by The American Physical Society through the American Institute of Physics.POSTMASTER - Send address changes to Physical Review D, Circulation and Fulfillment Department, AIP, Suite 1NO1, 2 Huntington Quadrangle, Melville, NY 11747-4502. The 2000 subscription price is US $2665 (US institutions). Periodicals postage rates are paid at Huntington Station, NY, and additional mailing offices.